Conditionals / wishes

Type 0 (situaciones verdaderas)

If clause Main clause

If + Present tense , Present tense
If you freeze water , it turns into ice.
If you heat water , it boils.

Type 1 (situación real o posible)


If + Present tense , will / can / may / must + verb
If they don't want to go out, they can stay home.
If they don't come here, we'll have to go there.
If it rains today, I'll stay at home.

Type 2 (situación hipotética)

If + Past Simple , would / could / might + verb
If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro.
If they worked for that company, they might have better salaries.

Type 3 (situación pasada)

If + Past Perfect tense , would/could/might + have + past participle
If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt dizzy today.
If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.


Unless - a menos que

Unless we book now, we won't find a place to stay

Provided/ing (that) - siempre y cuando

Provided/ing he doesn't misbehave, Paul won't be expelled from our school.
You can go to Spain, provided that you get good grades at school.

As long as - siempre y cuando

I'll help you with Biology, as long as you help me with French.
Dan will come as long as he finishes early at the office.

However/No matter how, Whoever, Whichever

Grandpa will never hear you, however loud you talk.
No matter how fast I run, I can never beat Jordan.
Whoever comes to see me, tell them I'm not home.
Whichever way you choose, I'll go with you.

Wish + Past simple

I wish I spoke English more fluently.
I wish I were rich (but I am not)
I wish you were beautiful.

Wish + Past Perfect (deseo que no se cumplio en el pasado)

I wish I hadn't drunk so much beer last night.
I wish I had learned English when I was at school.

Wish + Would (para expresar desagrado)

I wish you would stop making that noise.
I wish this computer would stop crashing.